点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 7 / 7 篇）
王阳明知行悟道行迹（1472年 — 1529年 · 明成化八年至嘉靖七年）
Wang Yangming's Unity of Knowledge & Action (1472 CE – 1529 CE · Ming Dynasty)
时代跨度：1472年 — 1529年 · 明成化八年至嘉靖七年
途经站点：共 10 站
起点 → 终点：余姚 → 南安
全线途经古今地名：余姚（今浙江宁波余姚） → 广信（今江西上饶） → 京师（今北京） → 钱塘江（今浙江杭州钱塘江口） → 龙场（今贵州贵阳修文） → 庐陵（今江西吉安） → 赣州（今江西赣州） → 南昌（今江西南昌·鄱阳湖） → 绍兴（今浙江绍兴） → 南安（今江西赣州大余）。
Route Stops: Yuyao (Yuyao, Ningbo, Zhejiang) → Guangxin (Shangrao, Jiangxi) → Jingshi (Beijing) → Qiantang River (Hangzhou, Zhejiang) → Longchang (Xiuwen, Guiyang, Guizhou) → Luling (Ji'an, Jiangxi) → Ganzhou (Ganzhou, Jiangxi) → Nanchang (Nanchang & Poyang Lake, Jiangxi) → Shaoxing (Shaoxing, Zhejiang) → Nan'an (Dayu, Ganzhou, Jiangxi).
王阳明知行悟道行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（10 站）
诞于浙江余姚瑞云楼，十一岁随祖父赴京塾读，对塾师言“读书学圣贤”方为天下第一等事。
Born at Ruiyun Tower in Yuyao, Wang Shouren declared to his tutor at age eleven that the highest pursuit in life is learning to become a sage.
《王阳明先生年谱》引少时语：“登第恐未为第一等事，或读书学圣贤耳。”Young Wang Yangming: "Passing the imperial examination is hardly the highest undertaking; reading to become a sage is."
十八岁自南昌迎妇归途经广信，拜谒大儒娄谅闻“圣人必可学而至”，自此笃志圣学。
Passing through Guangxin at eighteen, he visited Neo-Confucian master Lou Liang, who inspired him with the teaching that sagehood can be learned.
《明史·王守仁传》：“过广信，谒娄谅，语以圣人可学而至，遂深契之。”History of Ming: "Passing through Guangxin, he visited Lou Liang, who taught that sagehood can be learned, striking a deep chord in him."
在京师面竹“格物”七日致疾，始疑外求之弊；弘治十二年进士及第，历任工部、刑部主事。
In Beijing he meditated before bamboo for seven days until falling ill; in 1499 he passed the palace exam and served in central ministries.
《传习录》：“众人只说格物要依晦翁，何曾把他的说去用？我着实曾用来。”Instructions for Practical Living: "People say we must follow Zhu Xi in investigating things, yet who has truly practiced it? I genuinely tried for seven days."
抗疏救戴铣忤权宦刘瑾，廷杖四十下诏狱、谪贵州龙场；途经钱塘江夜留绝命诗诈死脱刺客之险。
Flogged forty strokes and banished to Guizhou for opposing eunuch Liu Jin, he faked his drowning at Qiantang River to escape assassins.
王阳明《泛海》：“险夷原不滞胸中，何异浮云过太空！夜静海涛三万里，月明飞锡下天风。”Wang Yangming, Sailing the Sea: "Danger and safety leave no trace in my breast, like floating clouds across the vast sky!"
居贵州龙场石洞澄默自省，中夜大悟“圣人之道，吾性自足”，继倡“知行合一”，开阳明心学。
Living in a stone cave in remote Guizhou, he achieved midnight enlightenment in 1508—realizing innate sagehood and founding Mind Philosophy.
《王阳明年谱》：“圣人之道，吾性自足，向之求理于事物者误也。”Chronicle of Wang Yangming: "The Way of the Sages is self-sufficient within our own mind-nature; seeking principle outside in external things was an error."
升任江西庐陵知县，重教化、均徭役、息词讼，首创“十家牌法”，七月间民风丕变。
As Magistrate of Luling County in Jiangxi, he governed through moral persuasion, equalized corvée, and instituted the ten-household registration.
王阳明《告谕庐陵父老》：“一念之善，即吉神佑之；一念之恶，即厉鬼随之。”Proclamation to the Elders of Luling: "A single good thought brings auspicious blessings; a single evil thought invites calamity."
巡抚南赣选练民兵，两年连破横水、桶冈、浰头诸巢荡平数十年巨寇，颁《南赣乡约》兴立社学。
As Governor of Southern Gan, he trained local militias to eradicate entrenched border bandits and instituted the Southern Gan Community Compact.
王阳明《与杨仕德薛尚谦书》：“破山中贼易，破心中贼难。”Letter to Yang Shide: "It is easy to vanquish the bandits in the mountains, but hard to vanquish the bandits in the mind."
宁王朱宸濠反于南昌，守仁于吉安募义兵乘虚捣南昌，决战鄱阳湖火攻破敌，三十五日生擒宁王。
When Prince Zhu Chenhao rebelled, Wang rallied forces in Ji’an, stormed Nanchang, and captured the prince on Poyang Lake in just 35 days.
王阳明《擒获宸濠捷音疏》：“臣等仰仗天威，一鼓而克其巢穴，再战而擒其渠魁。”Victory Memorial on Capturing Chenhao: "With one drumbeat we stormed his lair; in the second battle we captured the rebel chief alive."
归绍兴讲学揭出“致良知”教法；出征两广前夕于天泉桥与钱德洪、王畿印证“四句教”。
Lecturing in Shaoxing, he proclaimed “Extending Innate Knowledge” and delivered the Four-Sentence Teaching at Tianquan Bridge in 1527.
《天泉证道·四句教》：“无善无恶心之体，有善有恶意之动。知善知恶是良知，为善去恶是格物。”Four-Sentence Teaching: "Neither good nor evil is the substance of the mind; good and evil arise with the movement of intention. Knowing good and evil is innate knowledge; doing good and removing evil is the investigation of things."
总督两广抚思恩田州、平断藤峡后病乞归，舟次南安青龙铺微笑留遗言“此心光明，亦复何言”而逝。
Returning from pacifying Guangxi, he passed away on a boat at Qinglongpu in Nan’an with the last words: “This mind is luminous; what more to say?”
《王阳明先生年谱》载临终遗言：“此心光明，亦复何言！”Wang Yangming’s last words: "This mind is luminous—what more is there to say!"